Assessing The Accuracy Of Huygens Boxes For Flush Mounted Antenna Placement Applications From VHF Measurements

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This paper presents a study aimed at developing guidelines for generating accurate Huygens Boxes from lowfrequency antenna measurements, particularly in the VHF/UHF range, for antenna placement analysis. In flush-mounted scenarios, it is standard practice to measure the source antenna on a finite ground plane and apply a pre-processing step, known as the Infinite Plane Boundary Condition (IPBC), to emulate the response over an infinite ground plane. For the first time, a simulation-based approach is used to quantify far-field reconstruction errors arising from three key limitations in applying IPBC at low frequencies, namely: the size of the Huygens Box, the dimensions of the ground plane, and the truncation of the scanning area. Among these, scanning area truncation is particularly critical, as IPBC requires radiation pattern data from both the upper and the lower hemispheres to effectively mitigate edge diffraction effects. While a ground plane of 5–7 wavelengths is typically recommended, such dimensions are often impractical at VHF due to physical constraints. This study investigates the impact of using a reduced ground plane down to one wavelength and less. Additionally, the influence of varying Huygens box sizes is examined to determine the necessary margin between the antenna and the box boundary. The overall analysis is conducted using two RF sources: a single blade antenna and a 2-element blade antenna array. The accuracy of the IPBC method is evaluated in both free-space conditions and in a realistic aircraft model scenario.

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