Investigating the Uncertainty Contribution of the NF/FF Transformation Processing for Electrically Large Antennas

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This paper examines the uncertainty contributions associated with the spherical Near-Field to Far-Field (NF/FF) transformation process when applied to electrically large antennas. The transformation is based on the Spherical Wave Expansion (SWE) and implemented through the Transmission Formula (TXF), which provides a mathematically rigorous and computationally efficient framework. The TXF supports multiple levels of Probe Correction (PC), each with varying complexity and accuracy. However, applying the TXF to electrically large antennas (e.g. larger than 500 wavelengths) present significant computational challenges. The large number of spherical harmonics required increases the processing burden, and the accurate evaluation of the rotation and translation operators becomes critical. These operators must be computed using suitable recurrence relations to avoid instabilities. Additionally, the use of probes with arbitrary patterns can further complicate the probe correction process, potentially introducing numerical instabilities that must be carefully controlled. This work investigates the accuracy of the NF/FF transformation for electrically large antennas by considering both idealized cases without PC, and more realistic scenarios with full PC. The ability to compensate for large tapering effect introduced by the probe will be addressed for the first time

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